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, Fig 2. Prevalence and severity of leaf damage. Proportion of damaged leaves (a) and leaf area loss (LAL, see 618

, Appendix S2) (b) expressed as percentages, in Japan and France. For each plot, the dotted line corresponds to the 619 mean calculated on pooled data. Boxplots display the median with first and third quartiles

, Fig 3. Plant growth. Stem density (a), stem length (b), number of branches per stem (c) and total leaf area

F. Japan, For each plot, the dotted line corresponds to the mean calculated on pooled data. Boxplots 625 display the median with first and third quartiles

. °-=-p,

. ***-=-p-,

, Within-site differences in floristic richness and vegetation cover of plant communities (Fallopia japonica 630 excluded) between invaded (IA) and uninvaded (UA) areas across ranges (Japan (A) and France (B)). For each 631 plot, the dotted line corresponds to the mean calculated on pooled data. Boxplots display the median with first 632 and third quartiles

, Black: number of phytophagous invertebrate taxa known to feed on F. japonica; dark grey: number of 637 phytophagous invertebrate taxa not proved to feed on F. japonica; light grey: number of non-phytophagous 638 invertebrate taxa, Composition of invertebrate assemblages sampled on Fallopia japonica in Japan and France (all samples 636 pooled)